Latin Translation Resources and Tools

Latin Translation Resources and Tools Regardless of whether you need to decipher a short English expression into Latin or a Latin expression into English, you can not simply plug the words into a word reference and anticipate an exact outcome. You cant with most present day dialects, yet the absence of a coordinated correspondence is significantly more prominent for Latin and English. In the event that all you need to know is the substance of a Latin expression, a portion of the alleged online interpretation apparatuses for Latin may help. Maybe you need to comprehend what Marcus in silvam vocat implies. The Latin-English interpretation program I attempted deciphered it as Marcus upon woods vocat. That is clearly not exactly right in light of the fact that vocat isnt an English word. It is anything but an incredible interpretation. Since I utilized that online apparatus, Google has included its own interpreter that worked efficientlyâ enough however has been remarked on adversely by numerous clients. On the off chance that you need a careful, precise interpretation, you will most likely need to have a human do it for you, and you may need to pay a charge. Latin interpretation is an ability that takes a considerable interest in time and cash, so interpreters have the right to be made up for their endeavors. On the off chance that youre keen on building up the expertise of interpreting Latin, there are Latin online courses and other self improvement strategies for starting Latin just as Latin degree programs in schools and colleges. Between the two boundaries, be that as it may, there are some valuable devices on the Internet. Parser A parser, similar to The Latin Parser, reveals to you essential realities about a word. Contingent upon what data the parser lets out, you can figure out which grammatical feature the word is and different basics you have to know so as to decipher. You may utilize a parser in the event that you understand that the Latin expression you need to comprehend has 1 (or 2) mysterious word and a lot of different words you can nearly translate. In the Marcus in silvam vocat model, Marcus looks enough like a name, that you neednt find it. In resembles the English expression of a similar spelling, yet shouldn't something be said about silvam and vocat? On the off chance that you dont even realize what grammatical form they are, a parser will help, since its main responsibility is to disclose to you its individual, number, tense, state of mind, and so forth., if its an action word, and its number, case, and genderâ if its a thing. In the event that you do realize the words being referred to are accusative solitary and 3d particular, present dynamic characteristic, you presumably additionally realize that the thing silvam interprets as timberland/wood and the action word vocat as calls. At any rate, a parser as well as word reference can h elp with small amounts of Latin like this. Dont utilize the parser to locate the Latin for an English word. For that, you need a word reference. Accepting you have a dubious nature with Latin, a parser will reveal to you the potential types of a given word. This will help in the event that you cannot recollect the endings of the ideal models, yet comprehend their motivations. Fast Latin incorporates a word reference. Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid This program doesn't necessitate that you download. You can utilize it for investigating attempting to make sense of things all alone, since you can embed endings (a rundown of which is on the page) or stems. VISL Pre-dissected Latin sentences This asset from Syddansk University appears to be a very valuable program for individuals showing themselves Latin, yet it just arrangements with pre-chosen sentences. It doesnt make an interpretation of the Latin into English by any means, however shows the connections among words by methods for tree outlines. In the event that you have ever had a go at outlining a tangled Latin sentence, you will comprehend what a monumental undertaking this is. By methods for a tree you can perceive how the words identify with one another; that is, you can tell that single word is a piece of an expression started by another word-like a relational word driving a prepositional expression. The pre-chosen sentences are from standard Latin creators, so you may discover the assistance you need. Interpretation Service On the off chance that you need in excess of a brisk guess of an expression of Latin, and cant do it without anyone's help, youll need assistance. There are proficient, expense charging administrations, as Applied Language Solutions Latin Translation Service - English to Latin Translation. Ive never utilized them, so I cannot reveal to you how great they are. There are currently Latin Translators, with costs illuminated in advance. Both case the least costs, so check. A brief glance recommends theyre both right-contingent upon the quantity of words and heading of Latin language interpretation: The Latin TranslatorClassical Turns

Issues in cloud computing Free Essays

The reason for assignments Is have the option to comprehend the different favorable circumstances and Issues of distributed computing. Research and investigations whether distributed computing Is the path forward for the picked association. Organization of decision The kind of organization chose here is Higher Educationalists. We will compose a custom exposition test on Issues in distributed computing or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The Higher Educationlnstituteprovides its administrations in various area through its branches. It might have a huge number of understudies and staff and has parcel of touchy information e. G. Understudy staffs data, addresses notes and books, student’s private and individual subtleties. Advanced education Institutions monetary status, its own business Lana and system, etc. While moving to the cloud, Higher Education Institute may confront parcel of issues like lawful issues, moral issues ecological issues, security issues, etc. This task triesprovldingprofesslonal answer for address these referenced Issues. Presentation Cloud registering Is a style of processing where versatile and flexible IT-empowered capacity are given ‘ as a services’ to numerous outer clients utilizing web technologies[l]. In straightforward terms , distributed computing empowers business of all sizes to rapidly get and utilize a wide scope of big business class IT frameworks on a compensation for each utilization premise from anyplace whenever. Distributed computing administrations are separated into three classes, as indicated by the deliberation level of the capacity gave and the administration model of suppliers. In particular (1) foundation as an assistance, (2) stage as a help, (3) Software as a Service and there are various sorts of cloud contingent on the system it spread they are (1) Public mists, (2) Private Clouds (3) network mists and (4) half and half cloud. Every sort of cloud and administrations arrangement has own qualities, advantages and difficulties and suits deferent plans of action and purposes be that as it may, all have comparative lawful Issues to consider. L] Benefits If Higher Education Institutes envisioning a tremendous rise in registering need (or night Education Institute shocked sound unexpected interest), distributed computing can help foundation to oversee. As opposed to having to buy,install, and design new equipment,eliminates can purchase extra CPU cycles or capacity from outsider. Since Institutions depend on utilization. Indians doesn't need to manage unneeded hardware. Foundation basically include or deduct based its need. [ 1] Again, not accepting and arrange new hardware permits Institute and IT staff to visual perception to business. The cloud arrangement makes it conceivable to get application characteristically, and It costs a small amount of what It would cost to actualize an on location arrangement. [ 3] The administrative and vital level manager no necessities to truly go to the Institute’s site to get data. They can go anyplace, which help to Increase the profitability of Institute [ 2] Legal issues: As moving more tightly Distastefulness’s information to the cloud, Outshoot need to consent to Data Protection act 1988. The eight rule of Data Protection act are (1) Data ought to be dreadfully and painstakingly handled. 2) Data ought to be prepared for the predetermined purpose(3) The information gathered ought to be sufficient, pertinent and not over the top. (4)The information ought to be cutting-edge. (5) The information can't be kept no longer than would normally be appropriate. (6)The information ought to be prepared as per the individual rights. (7)The information ought to be kept Securely. 8)The information can't be moved and put away outside the European Economic Area (EYE)without satisfactory assurance. [6] The Higher Educationlnstituteshould guarantee that Cloud Service Provider has kept the information safely so as to precautions unlawful preparing, taken, against uninte ntional expense and harm. So while picking the overnighter Educationlnstituteshould know how the cloud organizations handles the individual and touchy information. Higher Educationalists should need to consider whether the degree of security which would be given by Cloud Company will meet the both necessity of Higher Declassification’s Data Protection Act. 6] The Data Protection Act unmistakably referenced that character ought not be moved or moved outside the European Economic Area except if there is a sufficient leveler assurance. Cloud supplier may not generally store the information in European Economic Arabesques to build up and keep up the server farm outside the European Economic Area may be modest. Putting away information outside the European Economic Area penetrates the Data Protection Act. Consistence may stranded transporting EX. endorsed contract terms with cloud supplier. [3] All the open experts in the I-J have legitimate obligations to agree to Freedom of Info rmation Act 2000. On the off chance that Higher Educationlnstituteholds the data and if any solicitation is made to the Higher Educationalists fortress then,Higher Educationalists ought to give engines data to the requester inside the 20 days. In the event that assume, by certain reasons distributed computing server is fizzled and Higher Educationlnstitutecannot ready to get to its put away data from the cloud then Higher Educationlnstitutewill face the issue. So while picking the distributed computing specialist organization, it is important to evaluate their disappointment history of server, notoriety, reinforcement procedure, etc. 2] Intellectual property right are the correct which is allowed to proprietors of that scholarly imagination. Copyright, Patents,Database and Trademark are considered as Intellectual property. For the most part, copyright shields and forestalls the owner’s work from replicating ND recreating. Copyright can be gotten on for instance PC programming program, course re ading, film,teaching and examine material, etc. [6] Higher Education Institute has likewise part of licensed innovation which should be ensured. The Higher Education Institute has the privilege to control its scholarly properties copyright, plan and licenses act (1988) essentially in relocation to the cloud. [6] Similarly, database right is another correct which falls under protected innovation. It keeps the database from extraction, reuse of all or generous piece of the database without impressionists. 6]Higher Education Institute ought to forestall its own database model compensation move database, relentlessness and the database which is made by instructor or understudies for the learning reason. Patent is the privilege to the proprietor which keeps others from making, utilizing, assembling and selling the concocted items and procedure without proprietor consent. Licenses are just viable in the nation where the privilege is conceded. On the off chance that the licenses have been enrolled in the European Patents Office, at that point it is ensured in the entire Europe. [6] while moving to the distributed computing , It raises specific licensed innovation right issue for Higher Education Institute to incorporate before to affirming the states of their distributed computing arrangement. The issue may emerge are ðÿ™  1) they may approach data having a place with Institute. 2) The area of data where they kept isn't fixed. This issue makes more tightly Education Institute hard for its protected innovation right consistence. [3] Annexation with respect to above issue: programming permit might be area explicit . Minored to safe gatekeeper to the assets, the Institute may have do ne the concurrence with distributer through instructive asset licenses and his understanding may just permit to get to electronic assets or capacity of computerized material by enrolled clients( staff and understudies ) through specific nearby server as it were. So while moving to the cloud, issue would be, the cloud supplier mischance’s threescore and they are not area explicit. So concurrences with asset provider in regards to access and area ought to be tended to Institute’s contract with cloud supplier and the cloud supplier additionally need to forestalls to get access and need to forestall any undesirable and unlawful utilization of authorized resources[4] As moving to the cloud sufficiently act 2010 spots lawful commitment to he Institute. Utilities need to ensure that all the understudies with incapacity have equivalent access of data. As moving the cloud Institute should watch that the methods for administration arrangement won't antagonistically sway availability. [4] Environmental issue As moving to the cloud the Institute can adds to bring down the carbon impressions. As indicated by the [7]by embracing the distributed computing, the utilization of vitality by server farm could be diminished by thirty eight rate continuously 2020. What's more, such decrease on vitality will lessens twenty eight rates ozone depleting substance discharges. Research likewise found that the littler association will contribute largeness’s ninety rates to diminish the carbon impression. While, bacteriologists diminishes carbon impression by thirty rates. [7] Decanter are structured on reverberation well disposed nature which utilize low experience the ill effects of reinforcement generators. These enthusiastically lighting innovation. The greater part of the staff in the cloud specialist organization is Depositional and they worry on planning and building a reverberation amicable item where as Higher Education Institute whose essential center is to give quality training and gaining benefit by expanding the quantity of detent. Decanter gives the framework just when it is required . T amplify the proficiency and usage of server by sharing same server for various cloud. [7] Ethics and ProfessionalResponsibility: All the instructive framework that used to be put away privately put away to the outsider animadversion can't be straightforwardly control its information. Lost of direct control at some point gives the issue. On the off chance that something occur on the infor mation at the cloud. For instance unapproved access of information or disappointment in Infrastructure,eliminates can't do anything since it is hard to tell who caused the issue.

How Much Do Psychologists Make

How Much Do Psychologists Make Student Resources Careers Print How Much Do Psychologists Make? If youre considering this career field, here are some employment statistics By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 Zinkevych / Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips If youre considering a career in psychology, you may be wondering how much money psychologists earn each year and what the work hours are like. Salaries and schedules in this field vary widely depending upon educational level, specialty area, and years of experience. Some individuals working in the field of psychology earn around $30,000 a year, while others earn six-figure salaries. Psychologists who work in schools or the government usually have full-time schedules during normal business hours, Monday through Friday. Those who work in hospitals or other healthcare facilities may have evening and weekend hours. And psychologists in private practice typically have the option to set their own hours. The following are some of the median annual salaries for different psychology jobs as of 2018, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Salaries for Various Psychology Jobs Career and school counselor: $56,310 Clinical Psychologist: $76,990 Counselor: $47,600 Developmental Psychologist: $56,500 Engineering Psychologist: $79,818 Experimental Psychologist: $56,500 Forensic Psychologist: $59,440 Health Psychologist: $40,000 (entry-level) to $85,000 (advanced-level) Industrial-Organizational Psychologist: $109,030 Psychiatrist: $216,090 Mental health counselors and marriage and family therapists:  $50,090 Neuropsychologist: $79,570 School Counselor: $56,310 School Psychologist: $78,970 Social Worker: $49,470 Sports Psychologist: $54,000 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors: $44,160 Earnings and Salaries in Different Settings While wages vary considerably based on specialty area and employment sector, you can learn more about salary averages from information provided in the Occupational Outlook Handbook. These estimates reflect averages across the entire U.S., so there will be considerable variation within each specialty area and geographic region. While salary should never be your only consideration when choosing a career, looking at pay estimates can give you a better idea of what you might expect to find in different professions. Also, be sure to note that years of experience also play a critical role in determining yearly salaries. New graduates just entering the field may expect to encounter lower starting salaries while more experienced professionals may be able to command much higher salaries. Salaries for Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists The areas of clinical, counseling and school psychology represent three of the largest employment areas within psychology. Professionals who work in these parts of the field diagnose and treat behavioral and emotional problems, learning disabilities, and mental disorders using individual, group, and family therapies. They may also design and implement programs that help with behavioral issues in children. As of May 2018, the median annual salary for clinical, counseling, and school psychologists was $85,340 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The lowest 10 percent of workers earned less than $44,040,  and the highest 10 percent earned more than $129,310. Salaries can vary depending upon many factors including the specific industry in which a psychologist is employed. The Occupational Outlook Handbook reports the following median annual earnings for clinical, counseling and school psychologists employed in the different industries in 2018: Outpatient care centers - $93,620Individual and family services - $85,810Elementary and secondary schools - $78,970Offices of other health practitioners - $96,930Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals -  $85,870Other specialty hospitals - $93,730Educational support services - $74,250Offices of physicians - $94,320Offices of other health care practitioners - $96,930Management of companies and enterprises - $95,190 Salaries for Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Industrial-organizational psychology is a specialty area, with an expected 13 percent increase in jobs through the year 2028. While job growth is expected in this industry, it is important to note that this is a relatively small profession and the U.S. Department of Labor suggests that this number actually translates to an increase in approximately 200 jobs over the next decade. Industrial-organizational psychologists apply the principles of psychology to problems in administration, human resources, management, marketing, and sales. They may work on policies; help with employee selection, training, and development; and optimize work settings to improve employee productivity. As of May 2018, the mean annual earnings of industrial-organizational psychologists were $109,030  with a median annual wage of $97,260.

Essay on Hispanic Dropouts - 2150 Words

Hispanic Dropouts White, black, Mexican, Asian; no matter what the ethnicity, students will drop out of school. Yet when the term dropout is mentioned, Hispanic often comes to mind. Why is this? Schools all over the United States are affected by the Hispanic school dropouts. Many questions need to be answered on this topic: What is a dropout? What is causing these students to dropout? How many are actually dropping out? What is the future like for the dropouts? And what can be done to help lower the dropout rate? What exactly is a dropout? Although difficult to define, a dropout is considered a student who leaves school for any reason and does not continue on into any other type of schooling (United States Department of†¦show more content†¦Usually status rates come out higher than the event rates due to the number of students in a given age range calculated over a number of years, opposed to a one year period (USDE, 1996). Various reasons exist as to why Hispanic students are dropping out of school. The most widely known cause is poverty. According to Valladeres (2002), ?Almost 40 percent of Hispanic children are raised in families that are below the poverty line, a rate twice as high as that of Caucasian children? (p.37). Hispanic students often find it difficult to attend school when their parents are struggling with finances. Many drop out to assist their parents in earning money to stay in the country. According to Ofelia Garcia Hunter (2003), ?some immigrants formally enro ll in public schools to learn English, but then drop out to work, their true goal for moving to the United States? (p.A1). Another very common explanation is the Hispanic?s language proficiency. Often, immigrants entering the U.S. are illiterate in Spanish, which makes learning English a daunting task (Valladares, 2002, p.38). Ronald Blackburn-Moreno explains that ?Latino children who enter school speaking only Spanish have the double task of learning to speak and read English. Once students are in elementary, even in middle school, their inability to read causes them to dropout? (Valladares, 2002, p.38). A further cause is age. If students immigrate at an older age,Show MoreRelatedWhy Students Should Drop Out Of High School1268 Words   |  6 Pages Music Literacy in Schools High school literacy is linked to the high school dropout rate. While the high school dropout rates have declined over the past decade, the facts that influence this phenomenon continue to be consistent. There are multiple reasons for why students would drop out of high school. The following are just some of the reasons to why kids might dropout, including that they missed too many days, they thought they could not complete the course requirements, they didn’t feel safeRead MoreA Community Mapping Of The Little Village And Pilsen Communities1338 Words   |  6 Pagesreliant and family oriented, gang issues, and high high school dropout rates. All of these things can be of great concern, and have their own individual importance in the communities they are a part of. In my studies of this area, I found that the culture is vastly more rich than I had ever imagined and the close knit culture of the Pilsen and Little Village area was an inspiration to dive into why they struggled with such high high school dropout rates. I found this issue to be very important due to theRead MoreFactors Influencing How Children Behave And Act1633 Words   |  7 Pageseducation and experience to work higher paying jobs. The dropout rate in the United States in the U.S was only seven percent last year but adds on to the past dropouts from twenty years ago. â€Å"The decline in the national dropout rate has been driven, in part, by substantially fewer Hispanic and black youth dropping out of school (the non-Hispanic white dropout rate has not fallen as sharply). Although Hispanics still have the highest dropout rate among all major racial and ethnic groups, it reachedRead MoreHigh School Dropouts897 Words   |  4 Pagestherefore they become unemployed and can’t afford living. To live a better life and achieve better goals, finish school make good decisions. Graduate high school is the most important start. There are many ways to prevent high school dropouts. Some student’s dropout because they have to take care of their family members, Solutions are starting to exist to help young people stay focused in high school education. Results are saying that, more free time a teenager has as a high school student, the moreRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Hispanic Students And Non-Hispanic896 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Hispanic students and non-Hispanic students is alarming due to the high dropout rates and the increasing Hispanic population in the United States. To better understand why Hispanic students dropout out of high school it is important to explore the perspectives and experiences of high school dropouts. Examining the root causes of whys Hispanic student’s drop out of high school can assist to improve dropout retention early on. As a significant number of Hispanics continue to dropout of highRead MoreDropping Out Of High School Dropouts Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesI’ve heard a lot about high school dropou ts. through my years in highschool this topic had always popped up. I wonder is dropping out of high school bad as some make it seem? My opinion is that dropping out high school isn’t as bad as some people make it seem. A lot of smart people drop out of high school, people like Einstein dropped out at age 16 and still accomplished many things in life. I discovered a lot about high school dropouts and the many reasons on why students make this decision.Read MoreAfrican Americans and the Nursing Field1369 Words   |  6 Pagesfor nurses, and all those who wants to be a nurse, there still is a high dropout rate in the nursing program. Virginia Peterson notes in 2009 that â€Å"30% of students who enter a baccalaureate of nursing education program do not graduate, and of that 30% â€Å"approximately 82.3% leave in the first semester (411).† The dropout rate led Virginia Peterson designed a study to test to see if certain variables led up to the high dropout rate. However, the study concluded that variables such as how an individualRead MoreHigh School Dropouts : Too Many Kids Are Leaving School Before Graduation1284 Words   |  6 PagesHigh School Dropouts Too many kids are leaving school before graduation. High school dropouts rates are increasing everyday. 7,000 students drop out of school each day. One thing that they fail to realize is the cause and effect this will have on their lives. A study from the Alliance for Excellent Education predicts that 12 million kids will drop out in the next decade. Everyday there is a student that drops out of school because of the mentally challenges he/she faces. Stress can be a very hardRead MoreEducation Is A Priceless Tool Capable Of Providing Limitless Opportunities908 Words   |  4 Pagesthe APA â€Å"The United States is facing a dropout crisis, with an estimated 1.1 million members of the 2012 high school graduating class not earning diplomas.† (APA). Who are these Dropouts and why do they Dropout Dropouts vary by race and ethnicity, but the Hispanic population is affected the most, followed by African Americans, other races and Whites. Hispanics have a 14% drop out rate, with most of the dropouts seen in the first-generation, usually Hispanics come from other Countries such as MexicoRead MoreHigh School Dropout Research1722 Words   |  7 PagesGrowing Trends in High School Drop-outs One of the major concerns of education is the rate of students who are dropping out of school. Statistically, the dropout rate has decreased from a national average of 15 percent in 1972 to 10 percent in 2003, according to the National Center for Education Statistics, which rated 16-24 year olds (Child Trend, 2003). Though, there has been signs of a decrease, drop out rates continue to be a concern to the public because of the potential consequences

Compound Tenses in English Grammar

In English grammar, compound tense is a traditional term for a verb construction that uses more than one word to express a meaning related to time. A verb construction that uses only one word is called a simple tense.Compound tenses are made up of auxiliary verbs  (or helping verbs) combined with other verb forms. The perfect, past perfect (also known as pluperfect), progressive, and (in some cases) future are forms traditionally regarded as compound tenses in English. Examples and Observations Simple Tenses vs. Compound TensesThe distinction between simple and compound tenses corresponds to the distinction between affixes and words. A simple tense form of a verb is a single word, usually augmented by a suffix (less often a prefix). A compound tense form consists of several words, at least one of them an auxiliary. The work done by the affix in a simple tense form and the auxiliary in a compound tense form is broadly the same; it expresses some distinction in the general area of time. . . .What is potentially confusing here is the fact that English, like many European languages, uses the past participle (e.g. taken) both for the perfect (a compound tense) and for the passive voice. Note that the English passive is formed in a way quite parallel to the formation of compound tenses, i.e. with an auxiliary and a participle. But, of course, passive is not a tense.(James R. Hurford,  Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994)[W]hen the father comes in from wo rk, he eats, and finally the mother herself eats alone or with the smaller children, who probably have already eaten what they wanted with the others.(Jack E. Weller,  Yesterdays People: Life in Contemporary Appalachia. University Press of Kentucky, 1995)I wash my face, dress and go downstairs where my wife  is feeding the  baby.(Julius Lester,  Lovesong: Becoming a Jew. Arcade, 2013)Anyone who  has read the  judgments of Lord Denning or Lord Atkin will know the importance of the way the facts are presented.(Alan Paterson,  Final Judgment: The Last Law Lords and the Supreme Court. Hart, 2013)Dana  had left the office  to tend to the children, and Keith puttered around the church, unable to do anything productive. He finally left.(John Grisham, The Confession. Doubleday, 2010). Perfect Aspect and Compound Tenses The perfect is a past tense that is marked by means of an auxiliary verb rather than by inflection, like the preterite. The auxiliary is have, which is followed by a past participle. Examples are given in [40] along with their non-perfect counterparts:[40i] a. She has been ill. [perfect]   b. She is ill [non-perfect][40ii] a. She had left town. [perfect]   b. She left town. [non-perfect][40iii] a. She is said to have spoken fluent Greek. [perfect] (b) She is said to speak fluent Greek. [non-perfect]In [ia] and [iia] the auxiliary have is itself inflected for primary tense, has being a present tense form, had a peterite. These constructions thus have compound tense: [ia] is a present perfect, [iia] is a preterite perfect. In [iiia] have is in the plain form, so this time there is no primary tense, no compound tense.(Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum,  A Students Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 2005) Expressing the Future With Compound Tenses Past and present are the only English simple tenses, using one-word forms of the verb. Future is expressed in English as a compound tense, with two words, using the modal auxiliary will, e.g. will come; the corresponding past tense came is just one word.(James R. Hurford,  Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994)  Bessie was baffled. How do these birds live? Where do they sleep at night? And how can they survive the rains, the cold, the snow? I will go home, Bessie decided. People will not leave me in the streets.(Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Key. The New Yorker, 1970)

Refugees Human Rights and Largest Refugee Populations Free Essays

Refugees Part A. Sadly and commonly throughout the world of today with its immense technology, and stature lies an ever growing and simple problem soon becoming an epidemic. Through tyranny styled governments, ignorance and even a lack of awareness and care sits 20 million refugees thrown from their countries simply because it is not safe, to a place where they are unknown. We will write a custom essay sample on Refugees: Human Rights and Largest Refugee Populations or any similar topic only for you Order Now These people are children, mothers and fathers dying endlessly with nowhere to go and without a future. Under international law, a refugee is a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution. They are subgroup of the broader category of displaced persons. †¦ en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Refugee A refugee can be defined in a variety of means and in many ways is a definition that often faces misconception with the general public. In many cases it is the way in which the circumstances arise that leaves people confused. Wether or not they were forced and also wether it is simply a home or a country that you become forced out of. A refugee is a person or persons that have been forced out of there natural habitat wether it simply be there home or there country and are left with no other option but to run away, out of fear of persecution, death, or because of natural disaster. They do not necessarily run away from there nation of citizenship but just to another location other then there ordinary home to take refuge. If it is decided that they are either accepted into a country or run into a country for refuge then they are to receive the same freedom and rights as any other ordinary legal resident. However this doesn’t allow them to become immediate citizens or have an extended period of refuge in the country, if and when there country of origin returns to a state of decency they are then forced to return. These rights include; basic civil rights, freedom of thought, freedom of movement, and freedom from torture and degrading treatment. As with any other individual these people are entitled to have the right to: work, medical care, social and economical rights, and every child must have the right to schooling. We must keep in mind that these people aren’t asylum seekers or immigrants, they simply leave to take refuge and safety. Causes of extended refugee numbers. GOVERNMENT: often in third world and poorly funded nations people are forced to leave as a result of a tyranny styled government. These corrupt officials often associate with terrorists, guerrillas, and drug barons, making the country unsafe and unliveable. FARMING: poorly funded or corrupt nations often lack sufficient land and equipment for farming practices. This is made worse by a lack of education and farming knowledge. With this, food numbers and the economy is bought down. The farmers themselves as well as all countrymen and women are left with little food and money and are forced to leave. WAR: Corrupt and poor nations are often at the greatest threat of terrorist and war activity thanks to the government and lack of money. Terrorists prey on these areas with poor security, education and with a wide array of religions. Civilians are at great risk. This is also added to by religious and race fuelled wars. NATURAL DISASTERS: countries often with poor financial backing are worst hit by natural disasters. Farms, the lifeblood of the area as well as buildings which were poorly built originally become demolished. Furthermore infrastructure such as sewerage and water as well as electricity become unsafe and unclean as these nations lack the money not only to fix it but to have had sufficient facilities to begin with. These people are again forced to leave to avoid death. PERSECUTION: is often caused by corrupt governments. Persecution is often aimed at particular races, religious backgrounds, group memberships, and opinions. Many governments stand for unjust laws allowing people to be unfairly persecuted. Where Are the Refugees coming from? AFRICA: ASIA: 1951: 5,000 1951: 41,500 1999: 3,523,100. 1999: 4,781,800 EUROPE: SOUTH AMERICA. 1951: 1,221,200 1951: 120,000 999: 2,617,600 1999: 61,100 NORTH AMERICA. OCEANIA. 1951: 518,500 1951: 180,000 1999: 649,600 1999: 64,500. THE WORLD: 1951: 2,116,200 1999: 11,697,800 The Largest Refugee Populations, 1999. Who is taking responsibility for the care of the refugees? Part B. Solving the refugee epidemic†¦ As with each day we grow in our knowledge stature both scientifically and technologically as does, sadly a societal epidemic in that of our refugee numbers. First and foremost these nations need funding that must find its way to the citizens that need it and not the Government. From here education is a necessity where it then should be used in schools, as well as teaching for trades, farming practices, and general human rights, with social education. As said, the most simple yet in many ways unattainable solution is education, in teaching skills and tolerance. In part A, identified were major causes of the refugee numbers and in each case and example education would have been a solution, with the exception of the Government. Persecution, often caused by race and religion or even opinions is often fuelled by regular citizens who simply haven’t had the correct education and were forced into abiding by certain laws, governments and religions. The people themselves who are often persecuted are the ones who have had the ability to be educated and have their own beliefs rather than those who were taken at a young age and forced to fight or believe in a cause. When it comes to another problem that education can cure, we must look at natural disasters. Obviously the disaster itself cannot be prevented, however the original damage in many cases could have been far less and the rebuilding could be far better, resulting in fewer refugees, had education been received. This education would have helped several aspects of a natural disasters effect. Firstly buildings and farms in the areas would have been constructed and prepared in order to sustain such events and if educated awareness of the event and preparation in procedures before and after the diaster would be far better. Farming itself is extremely significant in providing sufficient aspects of these nations economy so again education is vital. Funding shouldn’t be used to supply food to these nations, but to rather supply education for correct farming practices, equipment, facilities and knowledge. This would not only significantly change refugee numbers but increase economic stability and create jobs and money in the area. This education mainly needs to be served to children of the nation at an extremely young age, the future of these nations, who can then provide a emocratic government, as well as having the knowledge to create a sufficiently flowing nation, with agricultural and business benefits. With such religious and social education which is a major problem, corrupt governments will no longer be running the nation and therefore unable to persecute, discriminate or steal. With this education, these nations will grow in stature to provide sufficient, social, economical, health, business , and security aspects that will no longer see citizens forced to run to other countries. How to cite Refugees: Human Rights and Largest Refugee Populations, Essay examples

Thorntons Plc Essay Example

Thorntons Plc Paper Thorntons PLC is the UKs largest manufacturer and retailer of specialist chocolates. The company had followed a strategy of in-house manufacture and retailing largely through the companys own shops and to a lesser extent through franchising. This case also describes the companys attempts at Diversification into the US and European markets. Thorntons outline four strategic priorities1 for the business: Driving like-for-like sales and margins Refocusing and reducing strategic initiatives Creating efficient organizational processes We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thorntons Plc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Increasing measurability and incentives These priorities were designed to achieve two objectives. Firstly, to stabilize companys performance by delivering positive like-for-like sales and returning to profit growth. Secondly, to put in place the organizational infrastructure provides a firm and robust platform for future growth. PESTLE Analysis Economic High rate of Interest in French economy and devaluation of sterling made huge loses. Downturn of profits due to seasonal demand only on some special events. Social Seasonal events like Christmas, Valentines Day, Mothers Day, and New Year accounted for a further 25 per cent of sales. Technological Installation of EPOS (Electronic-point-of-sale) tills in the shops. E-commerce/mail orders systems New tills system. Environmental Due to Hot weather conditions, the demand of chocolate goes down. Thorntons began to develop sales outside the UK and company decided the US market could offer the best vehicle for expansion. Thorntons believed that there was scope in the UK for further expansion and also the venture into US showing little prospects of profit. But these prospects of Thorntons unfortunately closed. There was an attempt by Thorntons to enter the European market which proved losses for the company. In French market, customer needs, tastes and preferences are different from UK needs, tastes and preferences. There was a market differences between these two countries. The sales and tastes were divided by Thorntons in two: First, UK sales are divided as 80 per cent chocolate and 17 per cent toffee. Second, the French market divided equally between chocolate (with the French consumer preferring bitter chocolate)2, Ice-cream and sugared confectionery. But this divergence of taste brought Thorntons into loses as caused by high French interest rates, downturn in the French economy and the deflation of sterling. Thorntons has divided their sales into UK and French and differences in tastes and preferences. They adopted a short term strategy which indicates less economies of scale as in components of Thorntons. Thorntons suffering loses due to various negative factors such as- Seasonal demand and low production of chocolates. As Thorntons has 1 per cent of daily confectionery market and 6 per cent of confectionery gift market3. So the sales are depends on seasonal events. Difficult to maintain standards in franchisees as customers feel uneasy while shopping for chocolates. Hot weather leading to loses for Thorntons. Differences in working culture makes hard for the company to operate. Thorntons primarily compete in the boxed chocolate market where their continental brand has a 6 per cent share and other players such as Cadburys roses; the leading brand has 15 per cent4. As a retailer dedicated to specialist confectionery, the company has no super markets such as ASDA, Sainsbury, and M S to whom Thorntons is a supplier. Product quality is based on unique product recipes and the use of high quality material (the companys truffle curtains Moet ET Chandon!)5. The chocolate industry is n maturity stage of the life cycle. Within this view Thorntons in-house manufacturing and retailing strategy appears to have a number of benefits in meeting competitive forces. However, Competitive rivalry is not very high because Thorntons main product is made up of hand-finished which distinguish it from its competitors. Thorntons is the largest UK manufacturer of premium chocolate, a product that involves chocolate enrobing rather than the moulding process required by more mass market chocolates. Where the costs were comparatively higher, they often included discretionary aspects that resulted in enhanced product characteristics for those where there was no concern for the retention of knowledge. Competitors can sell chocolates not only in retails and franchisees but also on E-commerce/mail order and Internet. Thorntons shops are developed to achieve Differentiation. Product quality is based on unique product recipes and the use of high quality material. Overall, the threat of entrants is not high but moderate as production cost is high and also Entrants needs experience. Consumers rather than buying solid or boxed chocolates there are many other substitutes available in the chocolate market such as, Cadbury drinking chocolate, Rice milk, Juices, Cakes, Ice creams, bar chocolates. The Threats of substitutes is very high as varieties of substitutes are available in the market. There is a concentration of buyers particularly the volume purchases from the buyers are low. Mostly the purchases is depends upon seasonal events i.e. Christmas, Valentines Day, Easter. Thorntons has large number of suppliers6 such as M S, ASDA and other supermarket stores where Thorntons supply chocolates. Thorntons continually develops the manufacturing aspects of the business, people are often surprised by the amount of hand-finishing involved in the manufacture of Thorntons products. There is not a big threat of backward integration by the buyer. Thorntons supply the best tasting chocolate and confectionery at cheap prices. Thorntons was able to make use of competitive supply market. The company was faced with numerous potential suppliers. Thorntons was reluctant to enter situations where suppliers might achieve power in the relationship or where the leakage of what was regarded as core product knowledge could occur. That is why Thorntons has 70 per cent7 in-house manufacturing and in the area of liquid chocolate, the company was able to follow a buying-in strategy due to the availability of a number of suppliers. Therefore, the power of suppliers is negative. Though Thorntons strategy of vertical integration provides a number of differentiating characteristics, but at the same time avoiding the consequences of market power and value appropriates in product and supply market. Overall, the companys in-house strategy is consistent with the competitive technology and supply context in which the company operates. The specific nature of the manufacturing technology greatly reduces the opportunity for outsourcing from a competitive supply market. The supply alternative is essential to purchase product from other manufacturing companies, a strategy that would erode differentiation.

Division Card Games for Kids

Division Card Games for Kids Once your child starts to get a handle on her multiplication facts, it’s time to start looking at the inverse function of multiplicationdivision. If your child is confident in knowing her times tables, then division may come a little bit easier to her, but she’ll still need to practice. The same card games you play to practice multiplication can be modified to practice division as well. What Your Child Will Learn (or Practice) Your child will be practicing equal division, division with remainders, and number comparison. Materials Needed You will need a deck of cards with or without the face cards removed Card Game: Two-Player Division War This game is a variation of the classic card game War, although, for the purpose of this learning activity, you will deviate a little bit from the original rules of the game. For instance, instead of asking your child to remember the number value of the face cards, it’s easier to place a small piece of removable tape (masking tape or painter’s tape works well) in the top corner of the card with the number value written on it. The values should be assigned as follows: Ace 1, King 12, Queen 12, and Jack 11. Insert the face cards back into the deck, shuffle and then deal the cards evenly and face down between the players.On a Ready, set, go! count, each player turns over two cards.Both players can use any of the four visible cards to try to find a fact family with which they can then place in sequential order to make a division problem. For example, if Player One revealed a 5 and a 3, and Player Two turned over a King (12) and a 4, either player could snatch up the 4, 3, and King to create the division sentences: King à · 4 3 or King à · 3 4.The winner of the hand is the first player who is able to recognize and lay out a division problem. Of course, the other player can check the math first!Each player should take back his unplayed cards and start an unused pile. As the game continues, each player turns up two new cards and the cards in his unused pile. This provides more opportunity for players to create division problems. If both players can create a problem using different cards, they both win the hand. The game is over when there are no more cards left, or the players are unable to make any more division problems. Card Game: Division Go Fish The Division Go Fish card game is played almost exactly the same way as the Multiplication Go Fish card game is played. The difference is that instead of creating a multiplication problem to give a card’s value, players have to come up with a division problem. For example, a player who wants to find a match for his 8 could say Do you have any 16s divided by 2s? or I’m looking for a card that is a 24 divided by 3. Deal six cards to each player and place the rest of the deck in the middle as a draw pile.When the first player says his math sentence, the player who is being asked for the card has to do the division, come up with the correct answer and hand over any matching cards. If there are no matches, the first player draws a card from the deck.When a player runs out of cards or the draw pile is gone, the game is over. The winner is the player with the most matches.

Biography of Hannah Höch, Co-Founder of Berlin Dada

Biography of Hannah Hà ¶ch, Co-Founder of Berlin Dada Hannah Hà ¶ch Facts Known for:  co-founder of Berlin Dada, an avant-garde art movementOccupation:  artist, the painter, especially noted for her photomontage workDates:  November 1, 1889 – May 31, 1978Also known as Joanne Hà ¶ch, Johanne Hà ¶ch Biography Hannah Hà ¶ch was born Johanne or Joanne Hà ¶ch in Gotha. She had to leave school at 15 to take care of a sister and was not able to resume her studies until she was 22. She studied glass design in Berlin from 1912 to 1914 at the Kunstgewerbeschule. World War I interrupted her studies, temporarily, but in 1915 she began studying graphic design at the Staatliche Kunstgewerbemuseum while working for a publisher. She worked as a pattern designer and writer on womens handicrafts from 1916 to 1926. In 1915 she began an affair and artistic partnership with Raoul Hausmann, a Viennese artist, which lasted until 1922. Through Hausmann, she became part of the Berlin Club Dada, the German group of Dadaists, an artistic movement dating from about 1916.  Other members besides Hà ¶ch and Hausmann were Hans Richter, George Grosz, Wieland Herzfelde, Johannes Baader, and John Heartfield.  She was the only woman in the group. Hannah Hà ¶ch and Dadaism She was also involved, after the first World War, with political radicalism, though Hà ¶ch herself expressed herself less politically than many of the others in the group.  The Dadaist sociopolitical commentary was often satirical. Hà ¶ch’s work is known for more subtle explorations of culture, especially gender and portrayals of the â€Å"new woman,† a phrase describing that era’s economically and sexually liberated women.   In the 1920s Hà ¶ch began a series of photomontages including images of women and of ethnographic objects from museums.  Photomontages combine images from popular publications, collage techniques, painting, and photography.  Ã‚  Nine of her works were in the 1920 First International Dada Fair. She began exhibiting more frequently starting in the late 1920s. One of her most famous works was Cut With the Kitchen Knife Dada Through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany,  portraying German politicians in contrast with (male) Dadaist artists. From 1926 to 1929 Hà ¶ch lived and worked in Holland. She lived for some years in a lesbian relationship with Dutch poet Til Brugman, in the Hague first and then from 1929 to 1935 in Berlin.  Images about same-sex love appear in some of her artwork of those years. Hà ¶ch spent the years of the Third Reich in Germany, forbidden from exhibiting because the regime considered Dadaist work â€Å"degenerate.†Ã‚  She tried to remain quiet and in the background, living in seclusion in Berlin. She married the much-younger businessman and pianist Kurt Matthies in 1938, divorcing in 1944. Though her work was not acclaimed after the war as it had been before the rise of the Third Reich, Hà ¶ch continued to produce her photomontages and to exhibit them internationally from 1945 until her death. In her work, she used photos, other paper objects, pieces of machines and various other objects to produce images, usually quite large. A 1976 retrospective was displayed at the Musà ©e dArt Moderne de la Ville de Paris and the Nationalgalerie Berlin. More Information About Hannah Hà ¶ch Categories: artist, photomontage, DadaistOrganizational Affiliations: Dadaism, Berlin Club DadaPlaces: Berlin, Germany, HollandPeriod: 20th century Print Bibliography Hannah Hà ¶ch. The Photomontages of Hannah Hoch. Compiled by Peter Boswell.

David A. Sklansky's view of Katz v. United States Essay

David A. Sklansky's view of Katz v. United States - Essay Example (Sklansky, 2006) According to the author, Katz case remains a landmark both because it provides the constitutional framework that continues to govern electronic surveillance, and because it provides the modern test for a 'search' within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment has been the cornerstone in many legal cases for the limits to which the privacy of the person can be breached for the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases. However, the case itself remains rather ambiguous, and there is still doubt, whether taking into account the modern situation after the events of 9/11 electronic surveillance and eavesdropping should be allowed without a warrant Some suppose that the judicial decisions made by Burger and Rehnquist may diminish the effect of Katz's case. It is possible to have a look at least one of the cases ruled by these justices in relation to the Fourth amendment: 'Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 (1979). ... he urgency of the Katz's case is still relevant and even in the light of terrorist threats in the modern society it has its weight, it gives more questions, than answers. It was interesting to note, that actually Katz is viewed as a failure among scholars. It is agreed, that his striving to prove that surveillance is legal, but only under a warranty, is important, but the case itself has not set any reasonable limits for privacy and it should be defined; whether this framework should be adopted outside the domestic law enforcement and what it has to do with the new communication technologies. Sklansky notes, that 'reasonable expectation of privacy sounds nice, but what does it mean' (Sklansky, 2006) The question is absolutely reasonable, taking into account that the privacy has become a subject of major concern now with the cases of privacy breaches more and more frequent, and inability of Courts to define the reasonable privacy limits when it comes to crime. Noting again the events of 9/11 and bearing in mind that terrorist acts' elimination requires special thorough investigation and action, there is a question how privacy issue and national security issue can be weighted by both public safety entities and the court In Katz's case Justice White still left certain space for consideration, noting that in 'national security cases electronic surveillance upon the authorization of the President or the Attorney General could be permissible without prior judicial approval.' (Kitch, 1968) As a result and following the case, the executive Branch has asserted the power to use unwarranted electronic surveillance in the two specific types of national security situations: against foreign intelligence and against domestic subversion. This has been an attempt to weight privacy and

Why people volunteer in their community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why people volunteer in their community - Essay Example In fact, studies such as those by Serow (1991) and Bussell & Forbes (2002), which investigated the many ulterior motives for involvement in community services, reveal that people volunteer out of both altruistic as well as self-centered motives. The welfare and service of others lies at the heart of any volunteering act. People actively participate in community services to obtain self-satisfaction and pleasure, which is addictive! Volunteering to participate in community activities is considered an act of charity. Studies that used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study changes in brain activity reveal that the centers of the brain which are stimulated when a person receives a reward or experiences pleasure are also activated when a person gives charity (Oppenheimer and Olivola 6). Another study by Meier and Stutzer (2008, qtd. in Oppenheimer and Olivola) suggests that volunteering increases well-being and â€Å"overall life satisfaction† (6). It is thus evident that volunteering is pleasurable and increases satisfaction, which is why people often engage in it. People also volunteer in community service to benefit professionally or educationally. Several business organizations such as Bain & Company promote or organize community services to introduce employees to â€Å"fresh ideas and new people† (â€Å"Community Volunteering†). Employees of such organizations participate voluntarily or involuntarily, as they cannot risk avoiding the company’s mandates. Students also volunteer in community activities to add weight-age to their college applications or get a scholarship. Scholarships such as the Prudential Spirit of Community Awards and the Samuel Huntington Public Service Award are exclusively awarded based on the candidates’ participation in community services and volunteering activities (â€Å"Community Service Scholarships†). It can be stated that some people volunteer to â€Å"gain an advantage† at a place of work

Youth Drug Abuse Hong Kong

Youth Drug Abuse Hong Kong Youth problem is a wide-ranged and intertwined one among the social problems. With the development of information technology and economics, the teenagers are faced with more temptations than the older generations of their age, in other words, they have more choices for fun, like online games, Japanese cartoon and animation books and magazines, everyday updated fashionable accessories, hi-tech products and something can make the young generation feel like in the trend. However, out of some reasons, they are prone to be addicted with the novelties and then deviate from their normal life, such as the internet addiction, alcohol abuse, drug abuse and so on. Some of those youth problems are independent, but most of them are relevant and can elicit each other. Quite recent, I watched a documentary film named the Crimson Jade telling a story about a drug abuse schoolgirl, which arouse me to dig more about the young drug abuse group. Thus, in this paper, I especially choose the youth drug ab use problem as the topic. Drug abuse is regarded as a serious teenager problem in Hong Kong. The age of the individuals who is the first time taking drug is younger than past: since 2007, the reported drug abuser under 21 increased by 34 percent within 3 years (Qing shao nian du pin wen ti zhuan ze xiao zu bao gao : zhai yao, 2008); In the year of 2007, almost all reported young drug abuser (99 percent) once took the mentally damaging drugs, only 2 percent of them took the traditional drugs (mainly the heroin), and there were 80.2 percent of young abuser took the ketamine for the most part (Qing shao nian du pin wen ti zhuan ze xiao zu bao gao : zhai yao, 2008).The developing traits of the Hong Kong teenagers drug abuse:1) the age of abusers tends to be younger as time goes on ; 2) increasing females become the drug abusers (Luan, 2010), the drug addictive female under 21 increased by 25 percent than the same duration in the first half year of 2008. 3% of youth are easily tend to be involved in drug dealing a nd/or smuggling. The definition of the youth drug abuse According to the definition of deviant behavior, the drug abuse is one of forms of that. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the meaning of former first. After reviewing the textbook, it can be illustrated that the deviance involves the activities do not compliant with the social norms and are unreached the expectations of members from a specific society (Haralambos, 2008). Deviance in a sociological context describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms including formally-enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and norms). It is the preview of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and criminologists to study how these norms are created, how they change over time and how they are enforced (Wikipedia, 2010). It can be illustrated that the crime, delinquency, different kinds of addictions are the forms of the deviant behaviors, and the drug abuse is one of the addictions. In terms of the definition of you th drug abuse, the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), no longer regarded drug abuse as a current medical diagnosis. Instead, DSM has adopted substance abuse (Wikipedia, 2010) as a blanket term to embrace drug abuse and other things. In my view, I think the youth drug abuse is young people who have their internal problems (mental and physical) and influenced by the external factors from their peers, families, neighhoods, and social trend and culture, are resulting in passive emotion, thereby tending to transfer or shirking the negative emotion temporarily through taking drugs without tackling the concrete problems. Additionally, according to Elises lecture, it was told that the alcohol abuse also belong to the drug abuse, for the alcohol is one of the chemicals can induce the mentally active abnormal syndrome. But in this paper, it mainly narrows down the topic to the usual understanding of the drugs like ketamine, heroin an d marijuana etc. The nature and origin of youth drug abuse The micro level 1) Individual factor: partial reasons are personality and the developmental physical function of the young drug abuse. The former is instinctively from the perspective of the psychology, such as sensation or novelty seeking, inhibition and antisocial traits. The people who are inclined to be the drug abuser showed several personality deficits in common: 1) Behavioral problem. 2) Emotional obsession. 3) Low self-esteem. 4) Low resistance to obstacles.5) Swaying will(Yang, 2008).the latter is physiology, for adolescence is the transition from child to teenagers whose physical functions are developing under flux, thus some deficit of the body might be aroused during that time (Luan, 2010). Analyses of many studies have concluded that genes influence 40 to 50 percent of the variation in antisocial behaviors with a population, and 60 to 65 percent of the variation in aggressive antisociality (Rhee Waldmam, 2002; Tackett, Krugeger, Iacono, McGue, 2005). Owing to the research of Coleman, the certain genes in some individuals can render them more prone to be the drug abusers (2009).In addition, Laura deemed that the addiction is a disease in the brain that can control of it (2008). The mezzo level 1) Family factors: the family integrity (whether the teenage lives with single parent or not), the communication pattern of the family members etc., especially the lacking of monitoring of a teenagers interpersonal relationship and whereabouts, regarded as the most influential predictor of the drug use of that age (Chilcoat and Anthony, 1996; Williams and Hine, 2002).Further more, the parents acknowledgement and the cognition on the drugs can not match the developmental understanding of their childrens. There were 30 percent of interviewed parents did not know or could not be sure about whether their children had taken drugs or not (Ming Pao, 2009). It is the fact that parents are lacking the basic knowledge on updated drug-taking development in youth; therefore they are not that sensitive and alert to the slight symptoms or unusual behaviors of their children, and their care for the children might put in the inappropriate place. 2) Peer factors: except the parenting influence, the peer group is the sources of affection, sympathy, understanding, moral guidance, a place for experimentation, a setting for achieving autonomy and independence from parents (Papalia, 2009). Adolescence is the transition stage of an individual, from which an individual gradually starts to live more independent and dedicate more time with peers. Therefore, the peers or friends choosing for the youth play a pivotal role in accepting influence from the people they hang out with. Some negative peer pressure might breed from the interaction among the association, for instance, a negative role model in a clique takes drugs and also escape the punishment from law might encourage his or her friends to try the drug, for complicated combination of the fluke mind and peer pressure, the rest member of the clique probably might imitate the negative one. From 2008 to the first half year of 2010, according to statistics results from the Narcotics Division, Security Bureau of Hong Kong, there was over 60 percent respondent to choose the Influenced by the peers, I want to fit in the peers group as the initial reason why they take the drugs for straight years(ND, 2010). Additionally, young people are inclined to those whose are similar to themselves in school achievement, adjustment, and prosocial or antisocial tendencies (Collins et al., 2000; B. B. Brown et al., 1993). 3) School and community risk factors: Friedman took the view that the teenagers who had poor academic performance and/or behavioral problems are prone to substance abuse at a high risk (Friedman, Bransfield, Kreisher, 1994). A strict disciplinary school can possibly restrict teenagers from the potential influence of the other factors. At school teachers evaluate students basically towards their academic performance instead of well-rounded perspective out limited human resources and effective and applicable methods. Students who have poor performance academically might be looked upon as the deviants and bad students at school. In my point of view, the school the whereabouts those students who have poor academic performance are labeled as the bad ones. Because self-concepts of individuals are largely stemmed from the responses of others, and they will tend to indentify themselves with that certain label (Haralambos, 2008); some young people are just potentially deviant once labeled as the concrete deviant, which will possibly trigger them give off the potential tendency into reality as well as the behaviors are going to be reinforced. From the perspective of labeling theory, Becker thought that the deviant behaviors resulted from those who had power could define others and make them label sticker. Here it can be seen that the school is the party with power who seems can be the judge, meanwhile, the students are compelled to receive the inappropriate judgment, which is unfair and ill-considered. As for Lemert the other advocator of the theory, he deemed that there were the primary deviation and the secondary deviation that publically labeled. But the former effected very little to whom were labeled for the first time, which means, it is slightly possible to elicit the being first labeled ones to do something deviant. Only the latter was the determinant cause for the concrete deviant to happen. If some students with poor academic performance receive the negatively labeling comments (they can be regarded as the negative punishment) again and again, there is no doubt that the self-identities are questioned and the potential deviant tendency will be possibly triggered. In terms of community, the living circumstance of teenagers is quite important. The accessibility to the drugs of the neighborhoods and the degree of awareness of forbidden drugs are the influential factors for the teenagers. I think the influences can be good or not, it can be imagined that if the young people with drug abusive tendency live in positively active neighborhoods, the possibility for them of transforming into the drug abuser is still quite low, therefore neighborhoods can play the vital roles as the positive reinforcement for the possible deviant behavior of the youth. The macro level 1) Culture and social factors: from the perspective of Marxism, it is acknowledged that the economic foundation decides the superstructure. Hong Kong is a world class cosmopolitan city with rapid speed life tempo, no matter which aspect is in the first class of the world. Hong Kong people can have the most updated electronic products, the comic books, and the so-called leisure style like taking some drugs, which are pretty attractive for the young people to give it a try. The teenagers of that age are easy to do something deviant impulsively and over-esteemed to think they can control themselves, which lead them to deem that taking drugs is not a big deal. The misconception of leisure modes in these entertainment mass media is likely to have deteriorative effects on the moral conscience of the young people. In addition, all kind forms of mass media like the TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, especially the barrier-free internet services create infinite accessibilities for the juveniles to the violence and pornography that are exactly one of the sources giving the chance to the youth to imitate the negative side of the humanity consciously or subconsciously, like instigating peers to try the drugs or even being the drug dealers. In the light of the exploratory study by Yung Lai fong, she concluded that the adverse influence of the unhealthy representations on newspapers/movies/VCDs was great. The comic books/magazines on sex and violence, in particular, appeared to have the most damaging effects on the healthy development of young people (Yung, L, Edith, 1998). There is no doubt that the mass media does have the far-reaching and perpetuating impacts on the development of the young people intellectually and morally, and on their attitudes and perspectives towards self and others as well. In conclusion, the three levels analysis for the origin and nature of the youth drug abuse are reciprocal to each other, one factor can not bring about the consequence of youth drug abuse recursively. The factors of different levels are considered as the social institutions, and they interact and have mutual impact to each other, in the specific condition, can turn the drug abusive tendency into reality. Intervention from different levels In my opinion, the social worker can be compared to the agent that is functioning as the bridge between the client and the other social institutions. Therefore, it is necessary to fully tap the functions of the agent to bridge well connections among those social institutions. From the macro level, in campus and off campus, social workers can promote and popularize the essential knowledge on drugs and its damage as well as the negative influences to abusers and their families, peers and the society. Especially, the agency can bring the advantages of mass media into full play by cooperating with them, and its social workers can held some activities in order to disseminate the general ideas on disadvantages and the irreversible damages to the youth, and advocate the appropriate way to report some pop stars who take drugs and favorable in teenagers but not advocate it as a novel lifestyles.E.g: In the mezzo and micro levels, social workers and the agency can filter down the target group, and then carry out the relevant intervention plans. When carrying out the intervention, social workers should be sensitive about the slight changes of the high risky youth, and the possible behavioral characteristics them are as follows: 1) Borrowing money from friends more often. 2) The abuser is looked dispirited and low-energy, sometimes having unusual excitements and meaninglessness behavior. 3) The abuser immediately turns to be depressive after behaving happily and talkatively (00).In terms of the specific approach, the social workers can adopt the CBT-MBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Motivational Therapy), according to previous experience, CBT-MBT has been evaluated primarily in cases of young people abusing marijuana, 10 out of 12 randomized clinical trails have supported the effectiveness of the approach, with the effects persisting for as long as 30 months after treatment (W aldron, Turner,2008).The social workers can also refer to practical skills during a ten-session CBT: 1) refusing offers to use drugs; 2) expanding the young persons networks; 3) avoiding high-risk drug use situations; 4) managing anger; 5) communicating with parents and peers; 6) dealing with depressed mood ;7) coping with craving (Scharffer, Chang, Henggeler, 2008). In my point of view, among those skills, the social workers should carry them out logically and progressively according to different situations and the major inducement of taking drugs of clients. For example, given that the clients are easily prone to be influenced by peers and less decisive, he or she took drugs largely because his or her so-called friends did. In consideration of this, firstly, the social worker can concentrate on the teaching the skill of refusing offers to use drugs; secondly, it is crucial to find out the behind reasons through skillful counseling. Maybe the client feels lacking the support from f amily or can not be understood by others etc. which possibly contribute to different solutions and methods to deal with clients situation. During the counseling process, finding the strength (Hepworth, 2009) of the client is especially important for social workers to make it a part of the intervention. It is the essential solution that encouraging the clients to believe in themselves in order to enhance the self-strength efficiency during the process. The social worker can assist the client to set short term goal and long run goal for the sake of strengthening the self-esteem of the client. When the goals are settled, the social can also put forward the monitoring plan including the weekly meeting and self-monitoring on the behalf of the client. In all, it is practical to evoke the positive sides of the clients like helping and taking care of others, the pursuit of life goal, the capacity of anti-stress and meet the challenges. Parents are the key to the successful intervention. For the social worker, they can hold the workshop, panel discussion and keep in tough with parents. Because of lacking daily communication and interaction with the children, most young drug abusers parents did not realize the changes of their children. The social workers held the workshop in order to create more opportunities for enhancing the interaction between those parents and children via interactive games and role-playing of using the videotapes to model positive and negative parent-child interaction, discussion etc. (Scharffer, Henggeler,2008). If the social worker finds the drug abuse /addiction case or is informed by the other parties, such as teachers, students and community members, it is necessary to make the referral in order to help the abuser efficiently and timely. After the rehabilitation, the case still requires to be followed in the long run, for there is usually existing the recrudesce of drug addiction in the following months. Information inclination: The cognition conducts the behavior, in the aspect of diversified intervention methods, that is to say, what kind of the perspectives towards the matters decides the information inclination. Showing the mass media materials like videotapes and newspapers can provide vivid examples of the physical and mental disadvantages and damages to the clients. Theories Labeling theory: Social learning theory: Julian Rotter moved away from theories based on psychosis and behaviorism, and developed a learning theory. In Social Learning and Clinical Psychology (1954), Rotter suggests that the effect of behavior has an impact on the motivation of people to engage in that specific behavior. This social learning theory suggests that behavior is influenced by these environmental factors or stimulus, and not psychological factors alone. Albert Bandura (1977) expanded on Rotters idea, as well as earlier work by Miller Dollard (1941), and is related to social learning theories of Vygotsky and Lave. Social learning suggests a combination of environmental (social) and psychological factors influence behaviors. This theory incorporates aspects of behavioral and cognitive learning. Behavioral learning assumes that peoples environment (surroundings) cause people to behave in certain ways. Cognitive learning presumes that psychological factors are important for influencing how one behaves. Push-pull Theory Differential Association theory Evidences/ supports of the youth substance abuser: Peer influence is the major cause of youth drug abuseAccording to the survey in 2004, it reported that the commonest drug suppliers were the peers of the teenagers with 51.8 percent, and there were only 10.4 percent by drug dealers and 8.2 percent to 10.8 percent by parents, family members and relatives respectively. When the young drug abusers encounter some problems or troubles they tend to seek for help from those who provided the drugs to them as their first choice rather than the parents, teachers and social workers. One interesting founding in the 2004 survey was that psychotropic substance abusers would rather to get help from their close friends first (26.8percent ) than seek help from parents first with 11.8 percent and seek help from social workers counted to 9.3 percent. The reason for first try of drugs: Knowledge deficit, misconceptions of substance use, academic problems, family problems and poor relationship with parents and peers have also driven them to have their first try (The 2004 Survey of Drug Use among Students, 2005; Boys, Marsden, Strang, 2001).

Pschology Module 27: Thinking, Language and Intelligence The Availability Heuristic Essay

Availability Heuristic: A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that comes to mind. When you are trying to make a decision, a number of related events or situations might immediately spring to the forefront of your thoughts. As a result, you might judge that those events are more frequent and possible than others. You give greater trust to this information and tend to overestimate the probability and likelihood of similar things happening in the future. Examples After seeing news reports about people losing their jobs, you might start to believe that you are in danger of being laid-off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired. After seeing several television programs on shark attacks, you start to think that such incidences are relatively common. When you go on vacation, you refuse to swim in the ocean because you believe the probability of a shark attack is high. After reading an article about lottery winners, you start to overestimate your own likelihood of winning the jackpot. You start spending more money than you should each week on lottery tickets. Availability heuristic influences our decisionns and judgments by remembering something that shapes our impression to make these decisions and lead us astray in our judgments that makes information pop into our minds. Availability heuristic leads us to fear the wrong things and we shouldn’t always fear everything. Four influences that feed fear and cause us to ignore higher risks 1. We fear what our ancestral history has prepared us to fear (Confinement and heights, and therefore flying) 2. We fear what we cannot control (We can control a car by driving but not a plane) 3. We fear what is immediate (Teens are indifferent to smoking’s toxicity because they live more for the present than the distant future) 4. We fear what is most readily available in memory (Availability Heuristic) (Scary, vivid images like 9/11 cause our judgments of risk, we remember and fear natural disasters like hurricanes tornados and earthquakes that kill people instantly)

Gender Wage Gap Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay

Armando Suqui-Carchi Professor Pantano English 201 13 December 2016 Gender Wage Gap Inequality The gender wage inequality topic is one that has quietly laid in Americas closet of problems for decades. A female worker in Louisiana makes on average an alarming sixty-six cents compared to the dollar a man makes in twenty sixteen. When a father comes home after a forty-hour long work week making fifteen dollars an hour, he will open up a paycheck to six hundred dollars. When a mother comes home after working the same hours as the father, she will prepare dinner, change your diaper, lay you down to sleep. The only difference is her paycheck reads three hundred ninety-six dollars. It is only getting more challenging for females in today’s society as well. A defining term in the last two decades pertaining to gender wage gap inequality is the glass elevator effect. More men are choosing female dominated jobs such as nursing, teaching etc. While females slowly try to advance by increasing their salaries and rise up to higher paying and important posit ions, men seem to effortless glide their way to the top by an invisible escalator. This is called the glass elevator effect (Forbes). In America, this problem may go unnoticed, it is an issue dealing with cultural sexism. The broader impact of this is generations of women doing their best to advance in society but somehow constantly being beat. The specific claim of this topic is to bring justice and equality to women across inShow MoreRelatedGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe gender wage gap is defined as the relative difference in earnings between men and women in the economy as a whole. For every dollar a man makes, his female counterpart makes roughly seventy-seven cents. Even if a men and women have the same educational background and work history the man will go home with a higher paycheck than the woman. This may actually lead to tension in the workplace and cause conflict in the office. This also includes female dominated industries- most no tably, nursingRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender Wage Gap is defined as the different amounts of money that is paid to women and men, often for doing the same work. Women who work full time, year round earn 77 cents for every dollar that men earn. Over a year women make $11,500 less than men and throughout their life this wage gap can affect women by making them earn anywhere from $400,000-$2 million less than men do. (Miller 2008, 6) The wage gap varies for women of different races. On average African-American women are paid 60 centsRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality2164 Words   |  9 Pages Throughout history, discrimination has wielded its ugly head in many different forms. Things such as, but not limited to, race, religion, appearance, beliefs and gender have consistently oppressed minorities. A continual discrimination that the women of the world are dealing with takes place in what has been promised to be a fair and unprejudiced environment: the work place. This issue deals with women not being paid the same amount of money as men even though they may be equally, if not more soRead MoreThe Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Women as a minority group concerning the wage gap, also known as the gender pay gap, is an older phenomenon that has gradually become more of a topic of concern since the 1960s. 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This makesRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1697 Words   |  7 Pagesto be paid less wages than men, but this paper will argue in the U.S. today the gender wage gap still exists. The definition of gender wage gap as stated by the U.S. government is defined as women who work full time or salary based jobs who receive less earnings than their male counterparts who work equal level jobs (â€Å"Equal Pay,† n.d.).[] This analysis will focus on the years of 2012 to 2014, and in these years it is clear that the gender wage gap exists. The topic of gender wage gap sociologicallyRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Wage Gap2375 Words   |  10 PagesThis is known as gender income difference i.e. the ratio of female to male median yearly earnings among full time year round workers. It is also the average difference between men’s and women’s hourly earnings, the gender pay gap has grown from 14.8 per cent last year to 19.7per cent this year, overtime not included.( Warren 2005) .Studies have shown that this gap has increased over the years, hence widening the gap in the society. These figures must act as a wake-up call for the government. Women’s

Micro Analysis of - 1397 Words

Micro analysis: †¢ Film: Blade †¢ Year: 1998 †¢ Director: Stephen Norrington In this micro analysis I will be analysing the film Blade which was produced in 1998 and directed by Stephen Norrington. The micro elements I am going to focus on are Mise-en-scene and cinematography. I will be analysing everything in the scene including props, costumes, facial expressions, gestures, setting, codes-framing to determine how it creates meaning. In cinematography I will focus on the camera shots and angles and how these are used to create meaning. Both of these micro elements will be combined to show how they work together in creating meaning for the audience in the scene that I am studying. I am studying scene 1 which is the†¦show more content†¦This connotes that he is angry and frustrated or he is just ready to pounce on the vampire. As soon as the fight scene begins Blade pulls out a shotgun. The shot gun is black and long in length. While the fight is commencing there is a feeling of claustrophobia that the setting creates and entrapment. This feeling is created through the shots used as he is fighting the vampires and the composition. Blade is position in the middle of most of the shots and vampires are surrounding him from either side fighting him. This gives a feeling of isolation and claustrophobia towards the audience. While the fight scene is going on the audience will notice that all the vampires are in red and Blade has high key lighting on him most of the time throughout the scene. This indicates danger around him and evil and also he is isolated. This shows the audience that Blade is going to be the hero because the light that is shining on him indicates hope to the audience but then again indicates coldness at the same time. As the scene goes on there is a mid shot of Blade having lots of stakes around his leg and plunging it into a vampire’s heart. The mise-en-scene makes us think that it is a good vs. evil theme and that Blade is on a mission to kill all the vampires because strapped to his leg is a bundle of stakes, its like Blade was ready and waiting for the vampires to attack. Blade is then enclosed with vampires circling him. The shot used here is a long shot this createsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Micro Micro Environment3035 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction 3 2. Macro Environment PESTEL Analysis 4 – 9 3. Developing Market Strategy 10 – 16 4. Recommendations For Market Offerings 17 – 21 5. References 22 Every business or organization is originated to provide value to the market place to enhance the profitability level of the enterprise. Marketing will act as a media between companies and consumers to interact and create a long term relationship. 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